On This Date In 1099 Godfrey of Bouillon was named Defender of the Holy Sepulchre following the capture of Jerusalem from the Fatimids on July 15, 1099. Thus began the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, was destroyed by the Mamluks. http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars10011200/p/ascalon.htm
On This Date In 1587 The English established a settlement on Roanoke Island, North Carolina, after the first attempt in 1584 failed.
On This Date In 1598 William Shakespeare’s play “The Merchant of Venice” was entered on the Stationers’ Register. By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the Stationers’ Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.
On This Date In 1631 The Battle of Werben, a battle of the Thirty Years’ War, was fought between the Swedish Empire and the Holy Roman Empire. The Swedes had 16,000 soldiers and were led by Gustavus Adolphus, while the Imperialists had 23,000 soldiers and were led by Field-Marshal Count Tilly. Tilly’s troops attacked Gustavus’ entrenchments in front of Werben (Elbe), but Swedish batteries and the cavalry under Wolf Heinrich von Baudissin forced them to retreat. The Imperial attack was renewed a few days later; this time, the Swedish forces suffered a defeat and a loss of 6,000 soldiers.
On This Date In 1793 More than a decade before Lewis and Clark, Alexander Mackenzie reached the Pacific Ocean across from what is today called Vancouver Island, becoming the first Euro-American to complete a transcontinental crossing north of Mexico.
On This Date In 1796 Cleveland, Ohio obtained its name, when surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company laid out Connecticut’s Western Reserve into townships and a capital city they named “Cleaveland” after their leader, General Moses Cleaveland. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for the modern downtown area, centered on the Public Square, before returning home, never again to visit Ohio. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River.
On This Date In 1864 The Battle of Atlanta (also known as the Battle of Decatur) was a battle of the Atlanta Campaign fought during the American Civil War on July 22, 1864, just southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Continuing their summer campaign to seize the important rail and supply center of Atlanta, Union forces overwhelmed and defeated Confederate forces defending the city.
On This Date In 1916 In San Francisco, California, a bomb at a Preparedness Day parade on Market Street killed 10 people and wounded 40. The bomb was hidden in a suitcase. The parade was organized by the city’s Chamber of Commerce in support of America’s possible entrance into World War I. San Francisco was suffering through severe labor strife at the time, and many suspected that anti-war labor radicals were responsible for the terrorist attack.
On This Date In 1917 Siam declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary, mainly to gain favour with the British and the French. Siam's token participation in World War I secured it a seat at the Versailles Peace Conference, and Foreign Minister Devawongse used this opportunity to argue for the repeal of the 19th century treaties and the restoration of full Siamese sovereignty.
On This Date In 1926 The Nassau Hurricane of 1926, also known as the Bahamas-Florida Hurricane of July 1926 and Hurricane San Liborio, was a destructive Category 4 hurricane that affected the Bahamas at peak intensity. The storm was described by the U.S. Weather Bureau in Miami as “probably the most destructive hurricane ever to strike the United States.” It hit Fort Lauderdale, Dania, Hollywood, Hallandale and Miami. The death toll is estimated to be from 325 to perhaps as many as 800. No storm in previous history had done as much property damage. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/southflorida/sfl-1926-hurricane,0,5204136.story
On This Date In 1933 Modern interest in the Loch Ness Monster was sparked by George Spicer and his wife’s sighting of the creature. They saw ‘a most extraordinary form of animal’ cross the road in front of their car. They described the creature as having a large body (about 4 feet (1 m) high and 25 feet (8 m) long), and long, narrow neck, slightly thicker than an elephant’s trunk and as long as the 10–12-foot (3–4 m) width of the road; and had a number of undulations in it. They saw no limbs, possibly because of a dip in the road obscuring the animal’s lower portion. It lurched across the road towards the loch 20 yards (20 m) away, leaving only a trail of broken undergrowth in its wake.
On This Date In 1933 Wiley Post became the first pilot to fly solo around the world. Post took off from Floyd Bennett Field, Long Island, on July 15, 1933. Aboard the plane Winnie Mae were two new devices - a Sperry gyroscope and a radio direction finder - that would make his flight without a navigator that much easier. Fifty thousand people greeted him on his return to Floyd Bennett Field on July 22 after 7 days, 19 hours. http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Explorers_Record_Setters_and_Daredevils/Wiley_Post/EX27.htm
On This Date In 1934 Police and Division of Investigation (later named FBI) closed in on the Biograph Theater in Chicago, Illinois. Federal agents, led by Melvin Purvis, moved to arrest American gangster and bank-robber John Dillinger, Jr. as he left the theater. He pulled a weapon and attempted to flee but was shot three times and killed.
On This Date In 1942 The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto began, as thousands were rounded up daily and transported to a newly constructed concentration/extermination camp at Treblinka, in Poland.
On This Date In 1946 The King David Hotel bombing took place. It was an attack by the right-wing Zionist underground movement, the Irgun, on the central offices of the British Mandatory authorities of Palestine, the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and Headquarters of the British Forces in Palestine and Transjordan, which were located at the King David Hotel in Jerusalem. The attack was the deadliest directed against the British during the Mandate era (1920-1948), and caused the collapse of the western half of the southern wing of the hotel, killing 91 people and injuring 46
On This Date In 1947 “Crossfire”, a film noir drama film, and one of the first major-studio efforts to confront anti-Semitism, as did that year’s Academy Award for Best Picture winner, Gentleman's Agreement, was released. The film was directed by Edward Dmytryk and the screenplay was written by John Paxton, based on the novel “The Brick Foxhole” by screenwriter and director Richard Brooks. The film features Robert Mitchum, Robert Young, Robert Ryan and Gloria Grahame.
On This Date In 1951 Dezik and Tsygan were the first dogs to make a sub-orbital flight. During the 1950s and 1960s the USSR used a number of dogs for sub-orbital and orbital space flights to determine whether human spaceflight was feasible. Both dogs were recovered unharmed after travelling to a maximum altitude of 110 km.
On This Date In 1954 “Seven Brides for Seven Brothers”, a musical film directed by Stanley Donen, with music by Saul Chaplin and Gene de Paul, and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, was released. The script (by Albert Hackett, Frances Goodrich, and Dorothy Kingsley) is based on the short story The Sobbin’ Women, by Stephen Vincent Benét, which was based in turn on the Ancient Roman legend of The Rape of the Sabine Women. The film was a 1954 Oscar nominee for Best Picture.
On This Date In 1974 “Fulfillingness' First Finale”, a landmark album by Stevie Wonder, was released. It was the fourth of five consecutive albums widely hailed as his “classic period”, along with Music of My Mind, Talking Book, Innervisions, and Songs in the Key of Life.
On This Date In 1977 “Going for the One”, the eighth studio album by British progressive rock band Yes, was released after an extended break for solo activity, and is especially notable for marking the return of keyboardist Rick Wakeman, who had departed in 1974 in the aftermath of the Tales from Topographic Oceans tour.
On This Date In 1987 Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev indicated his willingness to negotiate a ban on intermediate-range nuclear missiles without conditions. Gorbachev’s decision paved the way for the groundbreaking Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty with the United States.
On This Date In 1990 American Greg LeMond, riding for Team Z, won his third Tour de France after leading the majority of the race. It was LeMond’s second consecutive Tour de France victory.
On This Date In 1992 The Colombian government decided to move drug lord Pablo Escobar to a higher security prison in order to prevent him from continuing to conduct his illegal activites behind prison walls. Escobar's influence allowed him to discover the plan in advance and make a well-timed, unhurried escape.
On This Date In 1993 The levee holding back the flooding Mississippi River at Kaskaskia, Illinois, ruptured, forcing the town’s people to flee on barges. The Mississippi flood of 1993 caused $18 billion in damages and killed 52 people.
On This Date In 1997 “Outcast”, the eighth studio album by German thrash metal band Kreator, was released by G.U.N. Records. This album featured more gothic rock and industrial influences than earlier Kreator, retaining little of thrash metal from previous years.
On This Date In 1977 After three years living in London and trying to balance his day job with his musical ambitions, Declan McManus, the man now known as Elvis Costello, finally made his breakthrough with the release of his debut album, “My Aim Is True”.
On This Date In 1999 “The King of Fighters '99: Millennium Battle”, a 1999 head-to-head fighting game by SNK, was released for the Neo Geo arcade and home platform. It is the sixth installment in the company’s The King of Fighters series. The game was ported to the Neo Geo CD and the PlayStation as the final KOF game released for both platforms.
On This Date In 2003 “Tribe”, the eighth studio album from progressive metal band Queensrÿche, was released. It features a reunited lineup, with Chris DeGarmo returning to contribute with guitar parts and writing credits on some tracks.
On This Date In 2003 Task Force 20, aided by troops of the U.S. Army 101st Airborne Division, had a showdown with Saddam Hussein’s sons Uday and Qusay, and Qusay's 14-year-old son Mustapha during a raid on a home in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul. Acting on a tip from an unidentified Iraqi, the blocking element from the 101st Airborne Division provided security while the Task Force 20 operators attempted to apprehend the inhabitants of the house. After U.S. troops hotwired Uday’s Lamborghini, he revealed himself, upon which a gunfight ensued. The assault element withdrew to request backup. As many as 200 American troops, later aided by OH-58 Kiowa helicopters and an A-10 “Warthog”, surrounded and fired upon the house. After approximately four hours of battle, soldiers entered the house and found four bodies, including the Hussein brothers’ bodyguard.
On This Date In 2003 U.S. Army Private Jessica Lynch, a prisoner-of-war who was rescued from an Iraqi hospital, received a hero’s welcome when she returned to her hometown of Palestine, West Virginia.
On This Date In 2005 Rozerem, manufactured by Takeda Industries North America, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of delayed-onset insomnia. Rozerem (ramelteon) is the first of a new class of insomnia drugs: melatonin receptor agonists. These are similar to the naturally-produced sleep hormone melatonin, which your body needs for healthy sleep cycles. http://www.edrugsearch.com/edsblog/insomnia-info-rozerem-is-a-sleeplessness-treatment-in-its-very-own-class/
On This Date In 2005 “March of the Penguins”, a French-made documentary about emperor penguins in Antarctica, opened in theaters across the United States. March of the Penguins went on to win numerous awards, including an Oscar, and became one of the highest-grossing documentaries in movie history.
On This Date In 2006 The 2006 Yanjin earthquake, a magnitude 5.2 earthquake in southwestern China, occurred, toppling at least 1400 houses and sending large boulders tumbling down the hillsides onto residential areas in the mountainous southern regions of the Yunnan province. Chinese officials were reported as saying that the tremor killed 16 and injured 60 people in Yanjin County, and killed a further three and injured 46 more in nearby Daguan County.
On This Date In 2008 “Breakout”, the second studio album by American singer Miley Cyrus, was released under Hollywood Records in the United States, and debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart with first week sales of about 371,000 copies. On October 17, 2008, the album was certified Platinum by the RIAA.
On This Date In 2009 The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, announced it would begin a series of clinical trials to gather critical data about influenza vaccines, including two candidate H1N1 flu vaccines. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2009/pages/vteu_h1n1.aspx
On This Date In 2009 The longest total solar eclipse during the 21st century occurred, not to be surpassed until June 2132. It lasted a maximum of 6 minutes and 39 seconds off the coast of Southeast Asia, causing tourist interest in eastern China, Japan, India and Nepal. This was the second in the series of three eclipses in a one-month period, with two minor penumbral lunar eclipses, first on July 7 and last on August 6.
On This Date In 2010 The tropical storm Bonnie forced BP to temporarily suspend drilling on its relief well in the Gulf of Mexico. Though the rough weather was hundreds of miles from the spill site, officials ordered technicians to suspend work as they would need several days to clear the area. http://www.newser.com/story/96201/drilling-halted-as-storm-brews.html
Hat tip to any included contributing sources, along with: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page , http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history , http://timelines.com/
Happy Birthday.Bob Dole (1923), Oscar de la Renta (1932), Louise Fletcher (1934), Nancy Dow Aniston (1936), Terence Stamp (1938), Alex Trebek (1940), George Clinton (1941), Kay Bailey Hutchison (1943), Bobby Sherman (1943), Mireille Mathieu (1946), Paul Schrader (1946), Danny Glover (1946), Curt Weldon (1947), Don Henley (1947), Albert Brooks (1947), Lonette McKee (1954), Willem Dafoe (1955), Keith Sweat (1961), Emily Saliers (1963), Rob Estes (1963), David Spade (1964), John Leguizamo (1964), Shawn Michaels (1965), Patrick Labyorteaux (1965), Tim Brown (1966), Irene Bedard (1967), Rufus Wainwright (1973), Franka Potente (1974), A.J. Cook (1978), Scott Dixon (1980), and Selena Gomez (1992).
RIP Emma Lazarus (1849 – 1887), Selman A. Waksman (1888 – 1973), Rose Kennedy (1890 – 1995), Karl A. Menninger (1893 – 1990), Stephen Vincent Benet (1898 – 1943), Amy Vanderbilt (1908 – 1974), Marcel Cerdan (1916 – 1949), and Margaret Whiting (1924 – 2011).
Quotes
I still find each day too short for all the thoughts I want to think, all the walks I want to take, all the books I want to read, and all the friends I want to see. John Burroughs
Anybody who has been seriously engaged is scientific work of any kind realizes that over the entrance to the gates of the temple of science are written the words: ‘Ye must have faith.’ Max Planck
The best scientist is open to experience and begins with romance - the idea that anything is possible. Ray Bradbury
My religion consists of a humble admiration of the illimitable superior spirit who reveals himself in the slight details we are able to perceive with our frail and feeble mind. Albert Einstein
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary. Steve Jobs
Courtesy YouTube et al
Follow us on http://twitter.com/RT_com and http://www.facebook.com/RTnews Space shuttle Atlantis has landed in Florida. NASA shuttle program is now over with Atlantis' successful space station resupply mission. The shuttle blasted into orbit July 8 and landed on the 50th anniversary of Gus Grissom's suborbital flight. The next-to-youngest shuttle will remain at Kennedy Space Center and be put on display.
Shuttle Atlantis Landing: 'Job Well Done, America'; NASA Ends Space Program. For more, click here: http://abcn.ws/qave35 Watch the Full Episode of GMA: http://abcn.ws/nII4Ko
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Accelerated high energy particles produced a series of stripes in the remnants of the Tycho supernova. Chandra X-ray Telescope revealed this feature, showing an expanding bubble of superheated debris. Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Rutgers/K.Eriksen et al.; Optical: DSS
The pressures of entering the comic fraternity of "The Avengers"
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"The New Colossus" is a sonnet by Emma Lazarus (born July 22, 1849; died November 19, 1887), written in 1883 and, in 1903, engraved on a bronze plaque and mounted inside the Statue of Liberty.
The New Colossus
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
A couple “last tidbits” for thought:
When written in Chinese, the word “crisis” is composed of two characters. One represents danger and the other represents opportunity. John F. Kennedy
May the forces of evil become confused on the way to your house. George Carlin
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